Prevalence of sarcopenia components and associated socioeconomic factors among older adults living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. / Prevalência dos componentes da sarcopenia e fatores socioeconômicos associados em idosos de uma população rural do estado do Ceará, Brasil.

The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

Prevalência dos componentes da sarcopenia e fatores socioeconômicos associados em idosos de uma população rural do estado do Ceará, Brasil / Prevalence of sarcopenia components and associated socioeconomic factors among older adults living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

Abstract The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. METHODS: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. RESULTS: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

Evaluation of the relationship between nutritional status, levels of physical activity and physical strength in adolescents.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The study aimed at evaluating the relationship among anthropometric measurements, levels of physical activity and physical fitness in schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in public schools, with 173 adolescents from 10 to 17 years of age. Socioeconomic data were obtained by a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were assessed and classified according to Body Mass Index (BMI)/age and Waist Circumference (WC). The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity, while the physical fitness level was assessed using the Projeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP) test protocol. RESULTS: 72,3% of the adolescents were eutrophic and 24.3% were overweight and 22.6% were at high risk for cardiovascular disease, with no statistical difference between the sexes (p > 0.05). 53.8% were physically inactive, regardless of sex and nutritional status. 86.1% of the adolescents showed low physical fitness, more significantly for sit-and-reach andsquare tests of females. BMI was directly correlated with physical fitness in the assessment ofupper limb power and agility (medicine ball throw and square test) and indirectly with aerobic capacity and lower limb power (abdominal resistance, horizontal jump and general resistance). The opposite was observed in the correlation of endurance (abdominal and general) and medicine ball throw with WC. Also, there was a likely visceral obesity and consequent cardiovascular risk in females more than in males. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reinforce the connection between physical activity and the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and also the need to effectively intervene in this groupin order to ensure the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas: estudio transversal / Prevalência e características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

Prevalence of characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders: a cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas: estudio transversal / Prevalência e características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) applied to informal caregivers of dependent elderly. METHOD: A methodological study with 120 informal caregivers of the elderly. Validity based on the internal structure evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis, with extraction of main factorial axes, varimax orthogonal rotation and retention of factors by parallel analysis. Reliability assessed by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The instrument revealed a factorial structure different from the original version: three factors were identified, equivalent to subscales, self-esteem, daily activities and family support, with explained variance of 42%. The values of the Cronbach alpha for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.71, 0.81 and 0.83. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of CRA presents good evidence of validity based on internal structure and is reliable, and can be used to assess the overload of informal caregivers of dependent elderly.

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment / Validez y confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del Caregiver Reaction Assessment / Validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira do Caregiver Reaction Assessment

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) applied to informal caregivers of dependent elderly. Method: A methodological study with 120 informal caregivers of the elderly. Validity based on the internal structure evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis, with extraction of main factorial axes, varimax orthogonal rotation and retention of factors by parallel analysis. Reliability assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Results: The instrument revealed a factorial structure different from the original version: three factors were identified, equivalent to subscales, self-esteem, daily activities and family support, with explained variance of 42%. The values of the Cronbach alpha for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.71, 0.81 and 0.83. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of CRA presents good evidence of validity based on internal structure and is reliable, and can be used to assess the overload of informal caregivers of dependent elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la validez basada en la estructura interna y la confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) aplicado a cuidadores informales de ancianos dependientes. Método: Estudio metodológico, realizado con 120 cuidadores informales de ancianos. Validez basada en la estructura interna evaluada por análisis factorial exploratorio, con extracción de principales ejes factoriales, rotación ortogonal varimax y retención de factores por análisis paralelos. Confiabilidad examinada por el alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: El instrumento reveló una estructura factorial diferente de la versión original: tres factores fueron identificados, equivalentes a las subescalas autoestima, programación de las actividades diarias y soporte familiar, con varianza explicada de 42%. Los valores del alpha de Cronbach para los elementos integrantes de cada subescala fueron, respectivamente: 0,71, 0,81 y 0,83. Conclusión: La versión brasileña del CRA presenta buenas evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna y es confiable, pudiendo ser empleada en la evaluación de la sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de ancianos dependientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a validade baseada na estrutura interna e a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) aplicado a cuidadores informais de idosos dependentes. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado com 120 cuidadores informais de idosos. Validade baseada na estrutura interna avaliada por análise fatorial exploratória, com extração de principais eixos fatoriais, rotação ortogonal varimax e retenção de fatores por análises paralelas. Confiabilidade aferida pelo alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: O instrumento revelou estrutura fatorial diferente da versão original: três fatores foram identificados, equivalentes às subescalas, autoestima, programação das atividades diárias e suporte familiar, com variância explicada de 42%. Os valores do alpha de Cronbach para os itens integrantes de cada subescala foram, respectivamente: 0,71, 0,81 e 0,83. Conclusão: A versão brasileira do CRA apresenta boas evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna e é confiável, podendo ser empregada na avaliação da sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos dependentes.

Análise das propriedades psicométricas do APGAR de família com idosos do nordeste brasileiro / Analysis of psychometric properties of family APGAR with elderly in northeast Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do APGAR de Família com amostra de 430 idosos do Município de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Foi avaliada a confiabilidade através do alfa de Cronbach, a validade de construto por análise fatorial exploratória (rotação varimax) e a validade de critério pela correlação entre APGAR de Família e características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem processos familiares interrompidos. Os resultados demonstraram alfa de Cronbach 0,80 e coeficiente de discriminação entre 0,52 e 0,68. O valor do alfa de Cronbach com um dos itens suprimido variou de 0,73 a 0,78. A análise fatorial revelou unifatorialidade do instrumento. Validade de critério mostrou coeficiente de correlação de 0,76. O APGAR de Família em idosos do nordeste brasileiro mostrou-se confiável e válido para screnning. Entretanto, para implementação de intervenções, sugere-se emprego simultâneo de instrumentos que reúnam todas as dimensões de avaliação da funcionalidade familiar.

[Factors associated with vaccination against influenza A (H1N1) in the elderly]. / Fatores associados à vacinação contra Influenza A (H1N1) em idosos.

This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors and receiving information about the vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) associated with vaccination of elderly people. Study of quantitative and transversal nature, in which 286 elderly residents in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil participated. The association between variables was analyzed by the Pearson chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval and significance level (p≤0.05). The results revealed that, unlike the sociodemographic characteristics, many clinical, behavioral and informational aspects correlated significantly with adherence to Influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. It is believed that the findings can be used in strategies to control and prevent infection by viral subtypes within the elderly population, extensible even to other vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in light of possible future pandemics.

Factors associated with vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) in the elderly / Fatores associados a vacinacao contra Influenza A (H1N1) em idosos / Factores asociados a la vacunacion contra la Influenza A (H1N1) en adultos mayores

This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors and receiving information about the vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) associated with vaccination of elderly people. Study of quantitative and transversal nature, in which 286 elderly residents in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil participated. The association between variables was analyzed by the Pearson chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval and significance level (p≤0.05). The results revealed that, unlike the sociodemographic characteristics, many clinical, behavioral and informational aspects correlated significantly with adherence to Influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. It is believed that the findings can be used in strategies to control and prevent infection by viral subtypes within the elderly population, extensible even to other vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in light of possible future pandemics.

El objetivo fue investigar los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos, de comportamiento y el proceso de recepción de información, asociados a la vacunación contra la influenza pandémica A(H1N1) en adultos mayores. Corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo y transversal en el cual participaron 286 adultos mayores residentes en Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. La asociación entre variables se analizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, considerándose un nivel de significación de 95% (p ≤ 0,05). Los resultados señalaron que, a diferencia de las características sociodemográficas, muchos aspectos clínicos, de comportamiento y relacionados con la entrega de información presentaron una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la adhesión a la vacuna contra la influenza A (H1N1). Estos resultados podrán ser utilizados en estrategias de control y prevención de la infección por el subtipo viral en la población estudiada, incluso, en otras enfermedades inmunoprevenibles y sobre todo en posibles pandemias futuras.

Objetivou-se investigar os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, comportamentais e o recebimento de informações sobre a vacina contra a Influenza pandêmica A (H1N1) associados à vacinação de idosos. Estudo de natureza quantitativa e transversal, do qual participaram do 286 idosos residentes em Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. A associação entre as variáveis foi analisada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando-se nível de significância de 95% (p≤0,05). Os resultados revelaram que, diferentemente das características sociodemográficas, muitos aspectos clínicos, comportamentais e informacionais apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa com a adesão à vacina Influenza A (H1N1). Acredita-se que os achados possam ser empregados em estratégias de controle e prevenção da infecção pelo subtipo viral junto à população idosa, extensíveis, inclusive, a outros agravos imunopreveníveis, especialmente diante de possíveis pandemias futuras.